“Traditionally we’ve thought about disease as being caused by a specific bacteria,” says Dr. Julie Segre, a senior investigator at the N.I.H.’s National Human Genome Research Institute. But now some scientists think it is more about the balance of a bacterial community. “It may be that ...
Many autoimmune arthritis researchers are less focused on the stealthy bacteria of a leaky gut than on the community of gut microbes as a whole. Their work is an outgrowth of the Human Microbiome Project, a National Institutes of Health initiative to catalog all the microbes in our system. W ...
Leaky gut, meanwhile turns out not to be conjecture after all. “A lot of doctors and people may think that leaky gut itself is sort of a froufrou alternative concept,” says Sanford Newmark, a clinical professor at the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of California, ...
Early on, a celiac blood test came back negative for Shepherd. But could he still have a sensitivity, something short of full-on celiac, that triggers a similar inflammatory response? A small, 2006 study published in the journal Gut (you probably subscribe) points to a possible yes. The rese ...
One thing we do know is that there is a link between the gut and inflammation, and we’ve known it for some time. During visits over the last year, amid his serious talks with Shepherd about Batman — If he can’t fly, why does he have a cape? — Dr. Kahn told us about a colleague who was re ...
Methotrexate works for many kids, and its effects can kick in later than the expected four-to-six-week window. We tried so many things at once for Shepherd that there’s no way to know for sure what worked, or what combination of things had an effect. Dr. Imundo remains unmoved. But Dr. Kahn ...
To be clear: There is no proof that it was Walker’s regimen that drove away Shane’s and Shepherd’s arthritis. Shane’s case makes a stronger argument, since he didn’t take methotrexate. Still, his arthritis may have gone into spontaneous remission, and a study of one is not much of a stu ...
He has had five flare-ups since going into remission a year ago. Two of them followed courses of antibiotics. The other three came on the heels of his accidentally eating gluten. He had a chocolate-chip cookie, a couple of bites of toast, less than a quarter of a sandwich on sourdough. Each ...
Shepherd has now been weaned off the methotrexate entirely. The guy we think of as “the old Shepherd” is back, the goofball with the high-beam smile. He initiates running races — and isn’t always the most gracious when he wins. He improvises what he thinks is karate. He pirouettes. While ...
At six weeks — to the day — Shepherd woke up and, for the first time in months, got out of bed himself. I’d gone into his room to help, as I did every morning, and found him standing in his pajamas. “Mommy,” he said, “my knees don’t hurt anymore.” He was probably wearing the pajama ...
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